The following paragraphs provide a brief general summary of significant differences between the corporate governance practices followed by Portuguese companies, such as Portugal Telecom, and those required for domestic companies under NYSE listing standards.

Composition of Board of Directors and Independence


The NYSE listing standards provide that the Board of Directors of a U.S. listed company must consist of a majority of independent directors and that certain committees must consist solely of independent directors. A director qualifies as independent only if the board affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the company, either directly or indirectly. In addition, the listing standards enumerate a number of relationships that preclude independence. The listing standards do not specifically deal with the avoidance of conflicts of interest and related party transactions. These matters are typically governed by the laws of the state in which the listed company is incorporated.

Portuguese law does not require all members of management or the board of directors of a Portuguese company to be independent. However, under the new “Corporate Governance Code” approved by the CMVM, as of the end of 2008, a listed company is required to disclose in its corporate governance annual report whether its management includes an adequate number of independent members corresponding to at least one-fourth of the entire Board. Moreover, Portuguese law does provide that the majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent according to the criteria established in the Portuguese Companies Code, that all the members of the audit committee fulfill the legal requirements concerning incompatibilities and that at least one of the independent members satisfy legal requirements concerning expertise in auditing or accounting. The new Corporate Governance Code also provides that the chairman of the audit committee should be independent. These principles are designed to strengthen the supervision of the audit function and to avoid conflicts of interest. Members of the audit committee will be deemed independent if they are neither associated with any specific interest groups in the company nor under any influence that might affect the neutrality of their analysis or decisions. In particular, Portuguese law will not deem independent any holder, or any person acting on behalf or for the account of, a holder of a qualifying holding equal to or higher than 2% of the company’s share capital, nor anyone being reelected for more than two terms whether subsequent or not.

The audit committee elected at the General Meeting of Shareholders on June 22, 2007 complied with the independence requirements under Portuguese law, and each member of the audit committee also meets the independence requirements under Rule 10A-3 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

Top

Meetings of Non-Management Directors

The NYSE listing standards provide that the non-management directors of each U.S. listed company must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management in order to empower them to serve as a more effective check on management. There is no similar requirement or recommendation under Portuguese law.

Top

Committees of the Board of Directors 

The NYSE listing standards require that a U.S. listed company must have a nominating/corporate governance committee and a compensation committee, and that all listed companies, including non-U.S. listed companies, must have an audit committee that satisfies the requirements of the Exchange Act. U.S. listed companies must have an audit committee that fulfils additional NYSE-imposed requirements. The NYSE listing standards require each of these committees to consist solely of independent directors and to have a written charter that addresses certain matters specified in the listing standards. The NYSE’s detailed requirements for the content of audit committee charters do not apply to non-U.S. listed companies.

Portuguese law requires companies adopting a two-tier or an Anglo Saxon corporate governance model to have, respectively, a committee for financial matters within the supervisory body or an audit committee within the board of directors, in each case satisfying certain requirements as to the committee’s minimum powers, independence and expertise. Moreover, in each model, the Portuguese Companies Code permits the creation of a compensation committee, within the supervisory board in the two-tier model, or appointed by a general meeting of shareholders, in the case of the one-tier or Anglo Saxon models.

Under the CMVM’s new Recommendation on Corporate Governance for Listed Companies, the board of directors, in the one-tier or Anglo Saxon models, or the supervisory body, in the two-tier model, must create committees, including corporate governance and evaluation committees, in order to ensure that a competent and independent evaluation is made as to the performance of executive directors and other members of the board of directors.

Audit Committee. 
Portugal Telecom established an audit committee in December 2003, consisting of independent members of its Board of Directors. The audit committee operated as a committee of the Board of Directors with delegated powers in the following matters:

1. supervising the quality and integrity of the financial information contained in our financial statements,
2. evaluating the qualification and independence of our external auditors,
3. evaluating the quality, integrity and efficiency of our internal control systems,
4. evaluating the execution of functions performed by our external auditors and the corporate internal auditing office and
5. evaluating the compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, as well as those recommendations and guidelines issued by competent authorities.

At the general meeting of shareholders held on June 22, 2007, Portugal Telecom redesignated the audit committee as Portugal Telecom’s supervisory corporate body. According to the articles of association, the members of the audit committee must comply with the requirements on incompatibilities, independence and expertise arising from the Portuguese law and regulations, as well as other relevant market rules, including those in force in the jurisdictions where Portugal Telecom has securities admitted for trading. As a supervisory body, the audit committee has the powers to, in addition to all other powers established by law or our bylaws,

• approve and disclose an annual report on their supervisory activity, expressly mentioning any constraints faced;
• approve an annual action plan contemplating, among others, the measures required for compliance with its duties in the following year;
• inform and discuss with the board of directors and the Executive Committee, within their respective powers and duties, any situations identified in the exercise of their powers and duties;
• adopt procedures to ensure compliance with the legal and regulatory provisions that are applicable to us;
• evaluate the accuracy and supervise the quality and integrity of our financial statements;
• establish and monitor the procedures relating to the preparation and disclosure of financial information;
• analyze and opine on accounting and auditing matters, as well as the impact on our financial statements of changes to accounting rules applicable to us and our policies;
• establish and monitor the procedures relating to the preparation and auditing of our financial statements by the chartered accountant and the auditors, as well as supervise and review internal procedures on accounting and auditing practices;
• propose the appointment of the statutory chartered accountant to the General Meeting of Shareholders;
• supervise the independence of the statutory chartered accountant, particularly with respect to the rendering of additional services;
• order the appointment, hiring, confirmation or termination of duties and determine the remuneration of our external auditors, in addition to being exclusively responsible for their supervision and evaluation of their qualifications and independence, and approve the audit and/or other services to be rendered by such external auditors or by persons associated to them. The external auditors must report and be subject to the direct and exclusive supervision of the audit committee, which each year shall obtain from and review with the external auditors an external audit report;
• settle any differences between the Executive Committee and our external auditors with respect to financial information to be included in the financial statements to be reported to competent authorities, or with respect to the audit report process;
• evaluate the quality, integrity and efficiency of our risk management system, internal control system and internal audit system, including an annual review of their adequacy and efficiency, and generally supervise our internal audit and internal control systems;
• receive reports of irregularities, claims and complaints submitted by shareholders, employees or others, and implement procedures designed to receive, register and process them when related to accounting and auditing matters, and create internal control procedures on such matters; and
• comment or issue an opinion, within the scope of its powers and whenever it deems necessary or appropriate, on any report, documentation or information to be disclosed or submitted by us to competent authorities.

As a result, the audit committee monitors our compliance with laws, regulations, recommendations and guidelines issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), NYSE, CMVM, and the Euronext Lisbon and defines and implements policies to ensure our compliance with these laws, regulations, recommendations and guidelines.

João Manuel de Mello Franco (as chairman of the audit committee), José Guilherme Xavier de Basto and Mário João de Matos Gomes were elected as members of the audit committee for the 2009-2011 term of office at the General Meeting of Shareholders held on March 27, 2009.

Additionally, the new corporate governance structure includes a statutory chartered accountant who is not one of the members of the audit committee, as required by the Decree-Law 76-A/2006 of March 29, 2006, which amended the Portuguese Companies Code.  P. Matos Silva, Garcia Jr., P. Caiado & Associados SROC, represented by Pedro João Reis de Matos Silva, was elected as the effective registered accountant for the 2009-2011 term of office at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting held on March 27, 2009, and no substitute chartered accountant was appointed, as permitted by law.

Corporate Governance Committee. 
Portugal Telecom created a corporate governance committee in July 2006. This committee assists the Board of Directors in the following areas:

1. adoption, review and continuing evaluation of the corporate governance model, the internal rules and procedures of our structure and governance, and the Portugal Telecom group’s code of ethics and practices in compliance with our bylaws, legal and regulatory provisions and national and international recommendations, standards and best practices (the Corporate Governance Committee sends to the Board of Directors, before the date of approval of the annual report and accounts, a written declaration of our level of compliance with such rules) and
2. evaluation of the performance of the Board of Directors. In particular, the Corporate Governance Committee has the following assignments:

• to review our corporate governance model and propose changes to the Board of Directors, including its organizational structure, operation, responsibilities and internal rules of the Board of Directors;
• to study, revise and evaluate the Portugal Telecom group’s corporate governance principles and practices, concerning our relations with the market, shareholders and other stakeholders, as well as the qualifications, independence and responsibility of directors, conflict of interest prevention, and information discipline;
• to assist the Board of Directors in evaluating its performance with a view to contributing to transparency and efficiency on these matters; and
• to study, revise and evaluate the values, principles and practices that govern the conduct of our employees, including the study, revision and interpretation of the code of ethics and other rules of conduct.

As of December 31, 2008, the members of the corporate governance committee were João Manuel de Mello Franco (chairman of the corporate governance committee), Joaquim Anibal Brito Freixial de Goes, Jorge Humberto Correia Tomé, Franquelim Fernando Garcia Alves, Francisco Teixeira Pereira Soares, and Rafael Mora Funes.

Evaluation Committee.

Portugal Telecom created an evaluation committee in October 2008. This committee has the duties, powers and responsibilities required to assist the Board of Directors in the following areas:

1. evaluation of the overall performance of the Board of Directors;
2. evaluation of the performance of the members of the Executive Committee, based on criteria approved by the Compensation Committee appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders;
3. consulting functions in the selection of the management bodies of some of PT’s subsidiaries and of any special committees created within the Board of Directors.

Top

Disclosure

The NYSE listing standards require U.S. listed companies to adopt, and post on their websites, a set of corporate governance guidelines. The guidelines must address: director qualification standards, director responsibilities, director access to management and, as necessary and appropriate, independent advisors, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, management succession, and an annual performance evaluation of the Board of Directors. In addition, the CEO of a U.S. listed company must certify to the NYSE annually that he or she is not aware of any violations by the company of the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards. The certification must be disclosed in the company’s annual report to shareholders.

Under Portuguese law, the executive management and board of directors are required to disclose either that they are in compliance with the recommendations set forth by the CMVM or which recommendations they have not followed and provide reasons therefor. This disclosure is included in our Corporate Governance Report, which is attached as an appendix to our Portuguese annual report and to the English translation of that report.

Top

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

The NYSE listing standards require each U.S. listed company to adopt, and post on its website, a code of business conduct and ethics for its directors, officers and employees and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. There is no similar requirement or recommendation under Portuguese law. However, under the Exchange Act rules and regulations, all foreign private issuers, such as Portugal Telecom, must disclose in their annual reports on Form 20-F whether they have adopted a code of ethics that applies to the principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions or, if they have not adopted such a code, why they have not done so. In addition, they must either file a copy of the code with the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission as an exhibit to their annual reports; post the text of the code on their websites and disclose in their annual reports their Internet addresses and the fact that they have posted such a code on their websites; or undertake in their annual reports to provide a copy upon request to any person without charge. There is significant, though not complete, overlap between the code of ethics required by the NYSE listing standards and the code of ethics required by the Exchange Act rules.
Portugal Telecom has a code of ethics that complies with Exchange Act requirements and approved a separate Code of ethics for senior financial officers in December 2004.

Top

Shareholder Approval of Equity Compensation Plans.

The NYSE listing standards provide that shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with limited exemptions for employment inducement awards, certain grants, plans and amendments in the context of mergers and acquisitions, and qualified plans, parallel excess plans and Section 423 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code plans.

Portuguese law also establishes that equity compensation plans shall be approved by shareholders. The new CMVM recommendations provide that the proposal submitted to the shareholders’ meeting concerning the approval of plans for allotment of shares and/or regarding options for the acquisition of shares for members of the administrative body, the supervisory body and/or persons exercising management functions, as defined under Article 248-B, paragraph 3 of the Portuguese Securities Code, or any pension plans for these persons, include all details necessary for a correct evaluation of the plans. The full text of the plan’s regulations or general conditions, as applicable, must be attached to the proposal. In addition, Regulation No. 1/2007 on the corporate governance of listed companies requires that plans for allotment of shares and/or regarding options for the acquisition of shares for members of the administrative body and/or employees must be disclosed to the CMVM within seven working days, after approval together with information on the most relevant elements of these plans.